Ndeipi nzira iyo antioxidant glutathione inochengetedza hutano hwemitochondrial?

Glutathione i tripeptide ine gamma amide bonds uye thiol groups, inoumbwa ne glutamic acid, cysteine, uye glycine, iripo munenge yese yesero remuviri. Natural glutathione ipuroteni ine antioxidant mhedzisiro, iyo inogona kunyatso ramba kuipa kweiyo oxidative maitiro pahutano hwevanhu, inovaka nhengo dzakaita sechiropa neitsvo, kubatsira kubvisa mahara radicals mumuviri, uye kukurudzira kukwidziridzwa kwesimba remuviri.

1: Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvezuva nezuva zve glutathione?

Glutathione inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhuka nezvirimwa uye inoita basa rakakosha muzvinhu zvipenyu. Izvo zvirimo zvakakwirira mumbiriso yechingwa, gorosi germ, uye chiropa chemhuka, inosvika 100-1000 mg/100g. Inowanikwa muropa revanhu pa26-34 mg/100g, ropa rehuku pa58-73 mg/100g, ropa renguruve pa10-15 mg/100g. Izvo zvirimo zvakare zvakawandisa mumadomasi, mananazi, nemagaka (12-33 mg/100g), nepo zvinotapira zvinotapira, mhunga yebhinzi, hanyanisi, nehowa zvishoma (0.06-0.7 mg/100g). Uye iyo glutathione yatinosangana nayo inonyanya kuuya mumhando mbiri: yakaderedzwa fomu (G-SH) uye oxidized fomu (GSSG), ine yakaderedzwa fomu accounting yehuwandu hwakawanda hweglutathione yakagadzirwa pasi pemamiriro emukati ehupenyu. Glutathione reductase inogona kukonzeresa kuchinjika pakati pemhando mbiri, uye coenzyme yayo inogona kupa NADPH yepentose phosphate bypass metabolism. Nekuda kweboka re thiol pa cysteine ​​riri iro rinoshanda boka re glutathione (saka glutathione inowanzopfupikiswa seG-SH), zviri nyore kusunga nemamwe madhiragi (akadai seacetaminophen), chepfu (senge free radicals, iodoacetic acid), heavy metals, nezvimwewo, uye ine integrative detoxification. Naizvozvo, glutathione (kunyanya glutathione mumaseru echiropa) inogona kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwezvinhu, nekudaro ichishandura chepfu inokuvadza mumuviri kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadze nekuzviburitsa kunze kwemuviri.

2: Iyo antioxidant glutathione inochengetedza sei hutano hwemitochondrial?

Iwo mashoma maitiro ekuona kwekudya akawanikwa kusvika pari zvino ane simba guru pahutano hwevanhu. Muenzaniso wepamusoro ndeye kuwanikwa kwemaitiro ekunzwa kwekudya kwecholesterol, izvo zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kweanoponesa hupenyu statins.

Chinangwa chezviwanikwa izvi ndechekuti sero rese rinoona sei chikafu. Nekudaro, sero rega rega remunhu rine yakazvimirira, membrane yakavharirwa organelles inodawo mafuta kuita mabasa akakosha. Saka, ivo vanewo ma sensors avo ekudya here?

Muchidzidzo chitsva, vaongorori veMetabolism Regulation uye Genetics Laboratory paRockefeller University kuUnited States vakawana kekutanga fekitori yesimba mitochondria mumaseru. Iyi sensor inovaka muviri chikamu cheprotein inoshanda mabasa matatu: kunzwa, kudzora, uye kutakura iyo antioxidant glutathione kuenda mukati memitochondria, uko glutathione inobata basa rakakosha mukudzivisa oxidative kuita uye kuchengetedza mazinga esimbi akakodzera. Iyi antioxidant inonyanya kuwanda mumitochondria, uye vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti basa rayo hariparadzaniswe kubva pairi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti seyakanyanya kufema system yemasero, mitochondria inoburitsa simba. Asi mitochondria inogonawo kuva iyo inokonzera kuwanda kwehuwandu hwekushungurudzika kweoxidative, iyo yakabatana nekenza, chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zvemagetsi, zvirwere zvemwoyo nemapapu, nezvimwewo. Nekudaro, kuti glutathione inopinda sei mitochondria yagara isingazivikanwe, kusvika 2021 apo timu nyowani yekutsvagisa yakawana puroteni yekutakura inonzi SLC25A39 inogona kutakura glutathione. Inoratidzika kunge inokwanisa kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zve glutathione. Maitiro ekutenderera akaenzana seanotevera: kana zviri mukati meiyi antioxidant zvakaderera, zvirimo zveSLC25A39 zvichawedzera, nepo kana zviri mukati meiyi antioxidant zvakakwirira, danho rayo rekufambisa richadzikira. Izvi mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo inoratidzawo zvakasimba kuti mitochondria ine nzira yekuona uye kugadzirisa mazinga ekuchinja uku, zvichireva kuti mitochondria neimwe nzira ichaverenga kuti yakawanda sei glutathione yavanayo uye kugadzirisa huwandu hweiyi antioxidant inopinda mumuviri zvichienderana nehuwandu uhu. ”

3: Maitiro ekugadzirisa uye kuchinja huwandu hwe glutathione inopinda mumuviri?

Kuti tinzwisise kuti mitochondria inoita sei izvi, timu yekutsvagisa yakabatanidza tsvakiridzo yebiochemical, nzira dzemakomputa, uye kuongorora majini, ndokuona kuti "SLC25A39 inzwa uye mutakuri". Vatsvagiri vakawana yakasarudzika yakawedzera loop mu glutathione kana vachienzanisa chimiro cheSLC25A39 nezvimiro zvevamwe SLC mhuri vatakuri muAlphaFold protein structure database. Pavakabvisa mhete kubva mupuroteni iyi nebanga remamorekuru, kufambisa kweprotein kwakaramba kusingachinji, asi kwakarasikirwa nekukwanisa kunzwa glutathione. Vatsvakurudzi vanoti patakawana mhete iyi inofadza, takafungidzira kuti yaiva nzvimbo mbiri dzakasununguka zvachose, imwe inonzwa glutathione uye imwe inotakura glutathione.Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chitsva ichi chinotsigirawo dzidziso yokuti glutathione ndiyo "chaperone" yesimbi.

4: Sei glutathione ichinzi "molecular partner" yesimbi?

Tinoziva kuti simbi ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda uye inenge yakakosha kumabasa ese emasero, asi zvakare ine oxidative yakanyanya; Kana pasina kudzivirirwa kubva kuglutathione, inokonzera oxidative kusagadzikana mumasero, zvichikonzera kukanganisa. "Mukuedza, zvakasimbiswa kuti SLC25A39 ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi pamusoro payo sechikamu che glutathione sensing mechanism. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza chiyero che glutathione kune iron, nokuti kana glutathione yakaderera, iron inoshanda zvikuru, asi kana glutathione yakanyanyisa, iron haigoni kushanda zvakanaka. "

Vatsvakurudzi vanoti sezvo vanhu vakaedza kuchinja huwandu hwe glutathione, asi kazhinji vanonetseka pamusoro pemigumisiro yaro, ikozvino tine nzira yekushandura glutathione level mu mitochondria pasina kukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu zvesero. Iyi yakanangwa kurapa kuburikidza neakakosha transporter mapuroteni anogona kutibvumira kuona mamwe shanduko mhinduro.